Articles and Research Papers for University-Level Study

Entrepreneurship begins with opportunity. Whether launching a startup, introducing a new product, or reshaping an existing industry, entrepreneurial action is fundamentally driven by the perception that something valuable can be created. Yet one of the most enduring and intellectually stimulating debates in entrepreneurship research revolves around a deceptively simple question: Are opportunities discovered, or are they created? This question is far more than an academic curi

Entrepreneurship has long been associated with bold founders, disruptive startups, and stories of extraordinary success. Yet behind these narratives lies a deeper and increasingly influential academic discipline. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a critical focus for entrepreneurs, driving the development of AI-based startups to address challenges in various sectors. Despite increased innovation from data availability and supportive digitization legislation, some in

Artificial intelligence is no longer a futuristic abstraction confined to research labs or science fiction narratives. It has become a central force reshaping industries, business models, and competitive dynamics. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a critical focus for entrepreneurs, driving the development of AI-based startups to address challenges in various sectors. Despite increased innovation from data availability and supportive digitization legislation, some i

The modern business landscape is undergoing a structural transformation driven by artificial intelligence. What once required large teams, complex hierarchies, and significant payroll commitments can now be achieved through intelligent systems operating at extraordinary scale. Businesses are increasingly discovering that AI tools are not merely productivity enhancers; they are economic multipliers that fundamentally reshape cost structures, operating leverage, and competitive

Entrepreneurial orientation has emerged as one of the most influential constructs in entrepreneurship and strategic management research. It offers a framework for understanding how firms behave entrepreneurially, how they pursue opportunities, and how their strategic posture influences performance. Despite its widespread adoption, entrepreneurial orientation remains conceptually complex and occasionally contested. Scholars continue to debate its dimensions, measurement, theor

Modern business landscapes are defined by constant change. Technologies evolve, customer expectations shift, industries converge, and competitive pressures intensify. In this environment, long-term success is rarely the result of operational efficiency alone. It emerges from the dynamic interaction between business models, business strategy, and innovation. These three elements form the intellectual architecture of organizations, shaping how firms create value, defend competi

Entrepreneurship has long been studied through the lenses of economics, strategy, and innovation. Yet beneath every venture creation, opportunity pursuit, and risk-taking decision lies something more fundamental: human thought. Entrepreneurs do not simply respond to markets; they interpret, imagine, construct, and act upon their perceptions of reality. A theory of entrepreneurial cognition seeks to explain how entrepreneurs think, how they make decisions in ambiguous environm

Entrepreneurial innovation has always been constrained by access to resources. Capital, labor, and time shaped what founders could build and how fast they could move. Artificial intelligence is changing this equation by introducing a new kind of leverage that operates alongside financial capital. The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has made it an indispensable tool for businesses, transforming how executives make decisions. Academic research has suggested th

Artificial intelligence has moved from experimentation to execution across industries. Companies now rely on AI systems to guide pricing, personalize customer experiences, automate operations, and inform strategic decisions. As AI becomes embedded in core business functions, leaders face a critical question: how do you measure whether AI is actually improving business performance? Managers face a strategic choice between a closed, proprietary mode of IT governance focused on

AI startups are born into an environment unlike any previous entrepreneurial era. The promise of artificial intelligence is immense, but so are the competitive pressures. New models, platforms, and applications emerge daily, and barriers to entry appear deceptively low. Yet despite this apparent accessibility, only a small fraction of AI startups achieve lasting success. The difference often lies not in the brilliance of the idea, but in how founders identify, acquire, and de

Entrepreneurial success has always depended on access to capital, but the definition of capital is undergoing a profound transformation. In earlier eras, land, labor, and financial resources determined who could build and scale a business. In the industrial age, machinery and physical infrastructure separated large firms from small ones. In the digital age, data and networks became decisive advantages. Today, artificial intelligence represents a new and increasingly dominant

The Virgen Framework: A framework for launching and operating a large company with a small team or a single founder by exploiting artificial intelligence (AI) at scale.   The Virgen Framework is an organizational and strategic framework introduced in 2026 by Miguel Virgen that explains how large scale enterprises can be launched, managed, and scaled by a very small team, or a single founder through the systematic exploitation of artificial intelligence (AI) at scale. The fr

In what ways can a retailer such as Nordstrom take advantage of revenue management opportunities?    A retailer like Nordstrom can apply revenue management by aligning pricing and product availability with differences in customer segments. Nordstrom serves both premium, service-sensitive customers and price-sensitive shoppers. Revenue management allows Nordstrom to charge full prices which are higher at their main stores and during the early part of a season when demand from

Coupons have become a commonly used tool in revenue management, yet many businesses continue to overlook the importance of consumer experience, redemption behavior, and the strategic differences between discount types. Mr. Chang can issue coupons to not only promote sales or prevent excess capacity but also to increase awareness of his restaurant's location. For small businesses, especially restaurants, digital coupon apps and mobile targeting technologies have lowered the co

This literature review paper focuses on inventory management in the supply chain and the issues involved in performance, costs, responding to demands, logistics, and sustainable pressures. There are multiple angles to view these challenges in the supply chain, subscription/auto-delivery procurement, handling and reuse of defective items under global sourcing, joint pricing–inventory control in multi-channel systems, integrated inventory–transportation planning with collaborat

View PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18365574   Businesses usually fail because of a lack of strategic fit between the competitive and supply chain strategies. This makes it important that the supply chain design, resources and processes provide the required capabilities to support the competitive strategy ( Eicker, T. et al., 2017). Although Blockbuster was a large company and perhaps they did not see the vision or threat that Netflex and Redbox imposed in the very

View PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18365640 This paper focuses on workforce management and the usage of AI into team coordination. Workforce management functions can include hiring, training, workforce planning, and coordination. These elements are now being heavily affected by AI tools so exploring how both AI resources and human resources function effectively in a startup company can be essential to be aware of in order to have the knowledge and capabilities to ma

View PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18365685 The entrepreneurial characteristic that stand out to me is passion, competency, and the ability to see opportunities where majority overlook. So I will be elaborating on interplay between an entrepreneur’s passion, their ability to recognize opportunities, and the principles of small business management. I find it interesting to see how passion can fuel opportunity recognition and support ones managerial practices that c

View PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18365730   Having the knowledge in how to forecast sales is an important element of any startups journey to success. Sales forecasting can be used as a guide, to be able to predict future revenue based on historical data, market research, and competitive pricing analysis. The information gathered while creating a sales forecast can also help create the marketing strategy. Creative marketing efforts such as writing books, applying

View PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18368251 One of the operations techniques that stand out to me is record keeping for inventory control, and as for one of the risk management techniques that stood out to me, it would be the risk of employee theft. Proper inventory control through strong record keeping and ongoing risk management of employee theft are not only foundational needs for small businesses, they also highlight biblical values integrity, and Christians in