Qualitative research methods are central to the social sciences, humanities, and various applied fields, providing nuanced insights into human experiences, social phenomena, and complex behaviors that cannot be easily quantified. These methods are characterized by their focus on understanding meanings, perceptions, and experiences from the perspectives of participants, often emphasizing context, subjectivity, and deep exploration of phenomena. This paper reviews the foundatio

Applied research methods are central to the production of knowledge in diverse fields, such as social sciences, health, education, business, and engineering. These methods facilitate the investigation of real-world problems and the application of theoretical frameworks to address practical challenges. This paper explores the foundations of applied research methods, highlighting their theoretical underpinnings, core principles, and practical applications. Emphasis is placed on