Articles and Research Papers for University-Level Study

Just as businesses across the eurozone were hoping for a more accommodative financial environment, new data from the European Central Bank has delivered an unwelcome surprise. According to the ECB’s latest Bank Lending Survey, eurozone banks tightened their lending conditions for businesses in the final quarter of last year, a move that caught both policymakers and market participants off guard. Even more concerning is the expectation among lenders that this tightening trend

The Bank of Mexico’s decision to pause its rate-cutting cycle and hold the overnight interest-rate target at 7.0% marks a defining moment in the country’s current monetary policy trajectory. After a period of gradual easing designed to support economic activity following years of tight financial conditions, the central bank’s unanimous vote signals a shift from momentum toward caution. This pause is not simply a technical adjustment; it reflects deeper concerns about inflatio

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While many European nations have long grappled with high levels of debt, France’s fiscal troubles are emerging as a particularly stark...

In a move that signals China’s deepening economic influence in Latin America, the Asian giant is set to build its first-ever megaport in...

Thailand has faced headwinds in recent years—from political instability to global supply chain disruptions and a sluggish recovery in key...

Once a country defined by poverty and isolation, Vietnam has emerged as one of Southeast Asia’s most dynamic economies, characterized by...

Once the second-largest economy in the world, Japan has spent decades navigating economic stagnation, demographic shifts, and global market volatility. Despite these hurdles, Japan remains a major global economic player, bolstered by its robust industrial base, technological prowess, and influential role in regional and global trade.

This article will explore the key components of international financial and macroeconomic policy, its significance, and the challenges

The global economy refers to the interconnected economic activities that transcend national borders, encompassing trade, investment, and

Capital markets play a crucial role in the global economy, serving as platforms for the buying and selling of financial securities. These ma