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"We are PhD's and Doctorates. Not Doctors in a hospital"
Articles and Research Papers for University-Level Study


Here’s What’s Shoring Up the Global Economy During the Energy Shock
Two months after the Strait of Hormuz was effectively shut, the world economy is still standing, even if the strain is obvious. Reuters reported that the closure has choked off roughly 20% of global oil and gas supplies and pushed markets toward a toxic mix of slower growth and higher inflation, yet many major economies have continued to function better than expected. The Wall Street Journal similarly described a global economy that is proving surprisingly resilient because o


The Fuel-Price Crunch That’s Turning Into a Disaster for Airlines
The global airline industry is entering one of its most dangerous financial phases in decades, as a sudden and severe surge in jet fuel prices transforms what began as a cost challenge into a full-scale operational and economic crisis. What makes this moment especially alarming is not just the scale of the increase, but the speed at which it has unfolded, leaving airlines with little time to adapt and even less room for error. Jet fuel has always been one of the largest expen


ECB Survey Reveals ‘Unexpected’ Tightening in Bank Lending as Eurozone Credit Conditions Harden Into 2026
Just as businesses across the eurozone were hoping for a more accommodative financial environment, new data from the European Central Bank has delivered an unwelcome surprise. According to the ECB’s latest Bank Lending Survey, eurozone banks tightened their lending conditions for businesses in the final quarter of last year, a move that caught both policymakers and market participants off guard. Even more concerning is the expectation among lenders that this tightening trend


Bank of Mexico Pauses Rate-Cutting Cycle at 7.0%, Signaling Caution Amid Inflation Risks and Global Uncertainty
The Bank of Mexico’s decision to pause its rate-cutting cycle and hold the overnight interest-rate target at 7.0% marks a defining moment in the country’s current monetary policy trajectory. After a period of gradual easing designed to support economic activity following years of tight financial conditions, the central bank’s unanimous vote signals a shift from momentum toward caution. This pause is not simply a technical adjustment; it reflects deeper concerns about inflatio


Discussion on Global Economics and The Theory of International Trade
Discussion questions presented by: Dr. Fereidoon Shahrokh Answers by: Miguel Virgen, PhD In Business Administration Student In...


France’s Debt Problem: Why Europe Isn’t Following Suit
While many European nations have long grappled with high levels of debt, France’s fiscal troubles are emerging as a particularly stark...


China’s Ambitious first-ever megaport in Peru: A Strategic Move in Latin America
In a move that signals China’s deepening economic influence in Latin America, the Asian giant is set to build its first-ever megaport in...


Thailand’s Economy in 2025: A Delicate Recovery and Strategic Shifts
Thailand has faced headwinds in recent years—from political instability to global supply chain disruptions and a sluggish recovery in key...


Vietnam's Economy in 2025: Navigating Growth Amid Global Headwinds
Once a country defined by poverty and isolation, Vietnam has emerged as one of Southeast Asia’s most dynamic economies, characterized by...


Japan's Economy in 2025: Resilience Amidst Challenges and Change
Once the second-largest economy in the world, Japan has spent decades navigating economic stagnation, demographic shifts, and global...


International Financial and Macroeconomic Policy
This article will explore the key components of international financial and macroeconomic policy, its significance, and the challenges


The Global Economy
The global economy refers to the interconnected economic activities that transcend national borders, encompassing trade, investment, and


Capital Markets: What They Are and How They Function
Capital markets play a crucial role in the global economy, serving as platforms for the buying and selling of financial securities. These ma
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