Credit markets closed 2024 on a high note. After years of volatility driven by pandemic shocks, rampant inflation, and aggressive monetary tightening, corporate credit spreads tightened meaningfully as investors pushed into yield-bearing assets and companies took advantage of a buyer-friendly backdrop to refinance and issue new debt. Headlines described spreads at levels not seen since the mid-2000s, and a record wave of issuance accompanied that move as borrowers raced to lo

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April (Doctors In Business Journal) - The global economy is weathering a storm that seems relentless. Inflation continues to erode the purchasing power of everyday consumers, while an ever-shifting landscape of tariffs throws businesses and households into a state of constant adjustment. At the center of this upheaval are the banks — institutions that once seemed untouchable, but are now starting to feel the pressure from a fragile consumer base.

Central banks are institutions that manage a country's currency, money supply, and interest rates. They play a vital role in regulating the